The content presented here represents the most current version of this section, which was printed in the 24th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

2520 SALINITY

CopyRight

2520 B. Electrical Conductivity Method References
1. Lewis EL. Salinity: its definition and calculation. J Geophys Res. 1978;83(C1):466–478. Google Scholar
2. Lewis EL. The practical salinity scale 1978 and its antecedents. IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1980;5(1):3–8. Google Scholar
3. Bradshaw AL, Schleicher KE. Electrical conductivity of seawater. IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1980;OE-5(1):50–62. Google Scholar
4. Culkin F, Smith ND. Determination of the concentration of potassium chloride solution having the same electrical conductivity, at 15°C and infinite frequency, as standard seawater of salinity 35.000 ‰ (Chlorinity 19.37394 ‰). IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1980;5(1):22–23. Google Scholar
5. Dauphinee TM, Ancsin J, Klein HP, Phillips MJ. The effect of concentration and temperature on the conductivity ratio of potassium chloride solutions to standard seawater of salinity 35 ‰ (Cl.19.3740) at 15°C and 24°. IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1980;5(1):17–21. Google Scholar
6. McDougall TJ, Feistel R, Wright DG, Pawlowicz R, Millero FJ, Jackett DR, King BA, Marion GM, Seitz S, Spitzer P, et al. Calculation of the thermophysical roperties of seawater. In: Hood EM, Sabine CL, Sloyan BM, eds. GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: a collection of expert reports and guidelines. Paris, France: International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project; 2010. (IOCCP Report No. 14, ICPO Publication Series No. 134) Google Scholar
7. Hill KD, Dauphinee TM, Woods DJ. The extension of the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 to low salinities. IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1986;OE-11(1):109–112. Google Scholar
8. Millero FJ. The physical chemistry of estuarines. In: Church TM, ed. Marine chemistry in the coastal environment; American Chemical Society Symposium Series. 18; 1975. Google Scholar
9. Millero FJ. The physical chemistry of Baltic Sea waters. Thalassia Jugoslavica. 1978;14:1–46. Google Scholar
10. Millero FJ. The conductivity-salinity-chlorinity relationships for estuarine waters. Limnol Oceanogr. 1984;29(6):1318–1321. Google Scholar
11. Millero FJ, Kremling K. The densities of Baltic Sea waters. Deep-Sea Res. 1976;23(12):1129–1138. Google Scholar
12. Fernandez F, Vazquez F, Millero FJ. The density and composition of hypersaline waters of a Mexican lagoon. Limnol Oceanogr. 1982;27(2):315–321. Google Scholar
13. Millero FJ, Chetirkin PV. The density of Caspian Sea waters. Deep-Sea Res. 1980;27(3-4):265–271. Google Scholar
14. Millero FJ, Mucci A, Zullig J, Chetirkin PV. The density of Red Sea brines. Mar Chem. 1982;11:463–475. Google Scholar
15. Brewer PG, Bradshaw A. The effect of non-ideal composition of seawater on salinity and density. J Mar Res. 1975;33(2):155–175. Google Scholar
16. Connors DN, Kester DR. Effect of major ion variations in the marine environment on the specific gravity-conductivity-chlorinity-salinity relationship. Mar Chem. 1974;2(4):301–314. Google Scholar
17. Poisson A. The concentration of the KCl solution whose conductivity is that of standard seawater (35 ‰) at 15°C. IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1980;5(1):24–28. Google Scholar
18. Poisson A. Conductivity/salinity/temperature relationship of diluted and concentrated standard seawater. IEEE J Oceanic Eng. 1980;5(1): 41–50. Google Scholar
19. Millero FJ, Gonzalez A, Ward GK. The density of seawater solutions at one atmosphere as a function of temperature and salinity. J Mar Res. 1976;34(1):61–93. Google Scholar
20. Millero FJ, Gonzalez A, Brewer PG, Bradshaw A. The density of North Atlantic and North Pacific deep waters. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 1976;32(2):468–472. Google Scholar
21. Millero FJ, Lawson D, Gonzalez A. 1976. The density of artificial river and estuarine waters. J Geophys Res. 81(6):1177–1179. Google Scholar
22. Millero FJ, Chetirkin P, Culkin F. The relative conductivity and density of standard seawaters. Deep-Sea Res. 1977;24(3):315–321. Google Scholar
23. Millero FJ, Forsht D, Means D, Gieskes J, Kenyon KE. The density of North Pacific ocean waters. J Geophys Res. 1977;83(C5):2359–2364. Google Scholar
2520 C. Density Method Reference
1. Millero FJ, Poisson A. International one-atmosphere equation of state of seawater. Deep Sea Res. 1981;28(6):625–629. Google Scholar

Related

No related items

TAGGED IN:

  • Chemical

TOOLS

CITATION

Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 2520 salinity In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Lipps WC, Baxter TE, Braun-Howland E, editors. Washington DC: APHA Press.

DOI: 10.2105/SMWW.2882.028

SHARE

FROM THE DISCUSSION FORUM: